How is the consistency of scores on the same test quantified?

The concept that quantifies the consistency of scores on the same test is known as reliability. Reliability refers to the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results over repeated applications or across different forms of the test. High reliability indicates that the test is dependable and that repeated measurements yield similar results, reflecting the true performance of the individuals being assessed rather than variations due to measurement error or other factors.

This is essential in educational psychology, as reliable tests offer a trustworthy measure of a student's knowledge or abilities. Various methods, such as test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency, are used to measure reliability, reinforcing the importance of ensuring that assessment tools provide valid and consistent results across different contexts.

The other options pertain to different evaluation aspects of tests. Content validity addresses whether a test covers the appropriate subject matter, face validity relates to the superficial appearance of a test in measuring what it purports to measure, and criterion-related validity evaluates how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure. While all these concepts are important in psychometrics, they do not specifically quantify the consistency of scores like reliability does.