What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in the context of educational psychology?

A self-fulfilling prophecy in educational psychology refers specifically to a prediction or expectation that shapes reality because it influences behavior in a way that ultimately leads to the fulfillment of that prediction. For instance, if a teacher believes that a student is particularly gifted, they may provide more encouragement and advanced material. As a result, that student may perform better, thus confirming the teacher's initial expectation.

This concept illustrates how expectations can significantly affect student performance and experiences in the classroom. The belief held by the teacher or student can motivate actions that align with those expectations, reinforcing the belief in a cyclical manner. As such, the power of expectations in educational settings can lead to substantial effects on learning outcomes, highlighting the importance of fostering positive beliefs about students' potential.