What is the term for a reinforcer that does not have a natural basis but is learned through association?

The term for a reinforcer that does not have a natural basis but is learned through association is a secondary reinforcer. Secondary reinforcers acquire their reinforcing properties through their association with primary reinforcers, which are inherently satisfying and fulfill biological needs, such as food or water.

For example, money functions as a secondary reinforcer. It does not provide satisfaction on its own but can be exchanged for primary reinforcers like food or shelter. This learned association enables individuals to respond to secondary reinforcers in ways that help achieve desired outcomes.

In educational contexts, secondary reinforcers can motivate students by providing rewards that have been associated with positive experiences or outcomes, such as praise or grades. These associations enhance the effectiveness of the reinforcer, making it a valuable tool in behavior modification and learning strategies.