What is the term for a method of scaling scores using a percentage of scores less than or equal to the student's score?

The term for a method of scaling scores using a percentage of scores less than or equal to the student's score is known as percentile scores. Percentile scores rank an individual's performance in relation to a group. For example, if a student is in the 75th percentile, it means that the student scored better than 75% of the other test-takers. This method provides a clear understanding of where a student stands compared to peers, making it a valuable tool for educators and psychologists when assessing student performance and growth.

In contrast, grade-level equivalent scores indicate the grade level at which a student is performing, rather than comparing their score to that of their peers. Criterion-related validity deals with how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure, focusing on the relationship between two different assessments rather than ranking scores. Construct validity refers to the extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or trait, which is also different from simply ranking scores.