What is the term for a learning disability that specifically affects language ability?

Dyslexia refers to a specific learning disability that primarily impacts an individual's ability to read and process language. This condition affects phonological processing, which is a critical skill in decoding words and understanding written text. Individuals with dyslexia may struggle with reading fluency, comprehension, and sometimes spelling, despite having normal intelligence levels and receiving appropriate instruction.

This term encompasses various challenges related to language processing, including difficulties with sound-letter associations and word recognition, which can significantly affect academic performance in reading-centric subjects. Understanding dyslexia is essential for educators and parents to provide the necessary support and accommodations for affected learners, allowing them to develop effective strategies for managing their reading-related difficulties.

The other terms refer to different aspects of learning and cognitive processing. ADHD pertains to attention and hyperactivity challenges rather than specific language difficulties, mental retardation (now more commonly referred to as intellectual disability) refers to a broader category of cognitive impairments affecting overall intellectual functioning, and psychometrics deals with the measurement of psychological abilities and skills, rather than specific learning disabilities.