What type of forgetting occurs when previously learned information inhibits retrieval of new information?

The answer is proactive interference, which refers to the phenomenon where previously learned information disrupts the ability to retrieve new information. This type of forgetting occurs when older memories compete with newer memories, making it challenging to access the latter. For example, if a person has learned a list of vocabulary words in one language and then tries to learn a new list in a different language that shares similar words, the first set of vocabulary may confuse the individual when attempting to recall the second set.

In educational settings, proactive interference is particularly relevant as students may struggle to learn new concepts if those concepts are similar to previously acquired knowledge. This emphasizes the importance of varying study methods and spacing out learning sessions to mitigate the effects of proactive interference and enhance retention of new information. Understanding this aspect of memory can be crucial for educators in designing effective curricula that minimize interference and improve learning outcomes.