Which disorder is characterized by cognitive impairments and an IQ of under 70?

The disorder characterized by cognitive impairments and an IQ of under 70 is Mental Retardation, now more commonly referred to as Intellectual Disability. This condition is defined by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills.

Individuals diagnosed with this disorder typically have an IQ score below 70, which reflects their cognitive capabilities. Additionally, it encompasses difficulties in learning new information, reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding complex ideas, which are key components of intellectual functioning.

The other disorders listed do not fit this criteria. Social Anxiety Disorder primarily involves excessive fear in social situations rather than cognitive impairment. Learning Disabilities, while they affect specific areas of learning and achievement, do not necessarily imply an overall IQ below 70. Autism Spectrum Disorder is primarily characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication, not strictly cognitive impairment, and individuals can have a wide range of IQ levels.