Which form of behavioral modification specifies academic goals and rewards in a contract between teacher and student?

The correct answer is the form of behavioral modification known as contingency contracting. This approach involves establishing a clear agreement between the teacher and student which outlines specific academic goals that the student is expected to achieve. In this contract, rewards for reaching these goals are also defined, providing motivation and clarity for the student about what is required for success.

Contingency contracting is effective because it promotes responsibility and accountability in the student, empowering them to take ownership of their learning. By involving both the teacher and the student in the creation of the contract, it ensures that the goals are mutually understood and agreed upon, which can enhance the student's commitment to achieving them. The presence of tangible rewards also serves as positive reinforcement, making it more likely that the student will strive to meet these objectives.

This method contrasts with other options such as shaping, which involves gradual reinforcement of behaviors, planned ignoring, which entails refraining from responding to undesirable behaviors, and corporal punishment, which is a discipline method that can lead to negative educational environments. These methods do not involve the explicit agreement or setting of goals and rewards as seen in contingency contracting.