Which theory states that external rewards are the primary source of motivation?

The concept that external rewards are the primary source of motivation is best captured by Behavioral Theory. This theory emphasizes the role of external stimuli in influencing behavior and motivation. It aligns with the principle that behavior can be shaped through reinforcement, where rewards encourage individuals to repeat certain behaviors to obtain those rewards. This perspective focuses on observable behaviors and their relationship with the environment, dismissing internal factors or cognitive processes as primary motivators.

In this view, rewards can take various forms—such as praise, grades, or material incentives—essentially acting as positive reinforcers that enhance motivation and engagement in specific behaviors. This approach has strong applications in educational settings, where teachers often utilize rewards to motivate students and encourage desired behaviors.

The other theories presented do not focus primarily on external rewards. Human Needs Theory explores intrinsic motivations driven by fulfilling fundamental human needs rather than external incentives. Attribution Theory examines how individuals interpret events and understand their motivations based on causes they attribute to success or failure. Growth Needs are related to personal development and self-actualization, representing intrinsic motivations that arise from within an individual rather than from external rewards. Thus, the emphasis on external rewards in Behavioral Theory makes it the correct choice for this question.