Which theory suggests that a child's personality develops primarily from their relationship with their mother?

The correct answer is rooted in the tenets of Object-Relations Theory, which emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, particularly the bond between a child and their primary caregiver, usually the mother. This theory posits that experiences in early childhood shape an individual's mental and emotional framework, influencing personality development.

Object-Relations Theory suggests that the quality of the early attachments formed with caregivers impacts a child’s ability to form relationships later in life, guiding their emotional responses and characteristics. It delves into how a child's internal representations of their mother and the emotional dynamics of that relationship inform their interactions and relationships with others as they grow.

This perspective is distinct from other theories included in the options. For instance, Cognitive Development Theory focuses on the stages of cognitive growth and understanding, rather than on emotional attachment. Behaviorism concentrates on observable behaviors and the conditioning that leads to learning, rather than internal emotional frameworks. Attachment Theory, while also emphasizing the role of early relationships and their influence on later behavior, encompasses a broader range of interactions and types of attachment beyond just the mother-child relationship.

Thus, Object-Relations Theory specifically highlights that a child's personality development is closely tied to their relational experiences with their mother.